| Description: |
Dehydroepiandrosterone is the most abundant adrenal androgen in humans and exists predominately in a sulfated form (DHEAS) [1].
DHEA sulfotransferase, known as SULT2A1, converts the androgen precursor DHEA to its inactive sulfate ester, DHEAS. The unconjugated molecules can be converted directly to androgens. Dehydroepiandrosterone is converted to DHEAS in the adrenal glands and liver [2].
DHEA in adults is present at plasma concentrations 100 to 500 times higher than those of testosterone. DHEA can be metabolized to androgens and/or estrogens in the prostate [3].
Hepatic metabolites include 16α-hydroxy-DHEA, 7α-hydroxy-DHEA, and 7-oxo-DHEA [4].
7beta-OH-DHEA is a metabolite [5].
The major metabolite produced in humans is a mono-hydroxylated DHEA species [4].
Synthesis of a 7α-hydroxy-DHEA and 5-androstene-3β, 17β-diol occurs in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and striatum [6].
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| References:
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[1] Weiss EP, Shah K, Fontana L, Lambert CP, Holloszy JO, Villareal DT (2009) Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in older adults; 1-2y effects on bone. Am J Clin Nutr. 89(5): 1459-67 (0798/lr/0001).
[2] Noordam C, Dhir V, McNelis JC , Schlereth F, Hanley NA, Krone N, Smetitink JA, Smeets R, Sweep FCGJ, Claahsen-van der Griten HL, Arlt W (2009) Inactivating PAPSS2 metations in a patients with premature pubarche. The New England Journal of Medicine. 360:2310-8 (0798/lr/0002).
[3] Gray NE, Liu X, Choi R, Blackman MR, Arnold JT (2009) Endocrine-immune-paracrine interactions in prostate cells: A model for mechanistic studies of phytomedicines. Cancer Prev Res (Phila PA). 2(2): 134-42 (0798/lr/0003).
[4] Fitzpatrick JL, Ripp SL, Smith NB, Pierce WM Jr, Prough R (2001) Metabolism of DHEA by cytochromes P450 in rat amd human liver microsomal fractions. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 389(2): 278-87 (0798/lr/0004).
[5] Matsuzaki Y, Yoshida S, Honda A, Miyazaki T, Tanaka N, Takagiwa A, Fujimoto Y, Miyazaki H. Simultaneous determination of Dehydropiandrosterone and its 7-oxygenated metabolites in human serum by high- resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Steroids. 2004 Dec; 69(13-14):817-24. PMID: 15582537 (0798/lr/0005).
[6] Weill-Emgerer S, David JP, Sazdovitch V, Liere P, Schumacher M, Delacourte A, Baulieu EE, Akwa Y (2003) Invitro metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) amd 5-amdrotene-3β, 17β-diol in specific regions of the aging brain from Alzheimer's and non-demented patients. Brain Research. 969(1-2) 117-25 (0798/lr/0006).
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